先进第十一
『１１。１』子曰∶「先进於礼乐，野人也；後进於礼乐，君子也。如用之，则吾从先进
。」
『１１。２』子曰∶「从我於陈蔡者，皆不及门也。」
『１１。３』德行∶颜渊、闵子骞、冉伯牛、仲弓；言语∶宰我、子贡；政事∶冉有、李
路；文学∶子游、子夏。
『１１。４』子曰∶「回也，非助我者也！於吾言，无所不说。」
『１１。５』子曰∶「孝哉闵子骞，人不间於其父母皆弟之言。」
『１１。６』南容三复白圭，孔子以其兄之子妻之。
『１１。７』李康子问∶「弟子孰为好学？」孔子对曰∶「有颜回者好学，不幸短命死矣
！今也则亡。」
『１１。８』颜渊死，颜路请子之车以为之椁。子曰∶「才不才，亦各言其子也。鲤也死
，有棺而无椁；吾不徒行，以为之椁，以吾从大夫之後，不可徒行也。」
『１１。９』颜渊死，子曰∶「噫！天丧予！天丧予！」
『１１。１０』颜渊死，子哭之恸。从者曰∶「子恸矣！」曰∶「有恸乎！非夫人之为恸
而谁为！」
『１１。１１』颜渊死，门人欲厚葬之，子曰∶「不可。」门人厚葬之。子曰∶「回也，
视予犹父也，予不得视犹子也。非我也，夫二三子也。」
『１１。１２』李路问事鬼神。子曰∶「未能事人，焉能事鬼？」「敢问死？」曰∶「未
知生，焉知死？」
『１１。１３』闵子侍侧，U+8ABEU+8ABE如也；子路，行行如也；冉有、子贡，侃侃如也
。子乐。「若由也，不得其死然。」
『１１。１４』鲁人为长府。闵子骞曰∶「仍旧贯，如之何？何必改作！」子曰∶「夫人
不言，言必有中。」
『１１。１５』子曰∶「由之瑟，奚为於丘之门？」门人不敬子路。子曰∶「由也升堂矣
！未入於室也！」
『１１。１６』子贡问∶「师与商也孰贤？」子曰∶「师也过，商也不及。」曰∶「然则
师愈与？」子曰∶「过犹不及。」
『１１。１７』李氏富於周公，而求也为之聚敛而附益之。子曰∶「非吾徒也，小子鸣鼓
而攻之可也！」
『１１。１８』柴也愚，参也鲁，师也辟，由也U+55AD。子曰∶「回也奇庶乎！屡空；赐
不受命，而货殖焉；亿则屡中。」
『１１。１９』子张问善人之道。子曰∶「不践迹，亦不入於室！」子曰∶「论笃是与，
君子者乎？色庄者乎？」
『１１。２０』子路问∶「闻斯行诸？」子曰∶「有父兄在，如之何其闻斯行之！」冉有
问∶「闻斯行诸？」子曰∶「闻斯行之！」公西华曰∶「由也问『闻斯行诸？』，子
曰∶『有父兄在』；求也问，『闻斯行诸？』子曰∶『闻斯行之』。赤也感，敢问？
」子曰∶「求也退，故进之；由也兼人，故退之。」
『１１。２１』子畏於匡，颜渊後。子曰∶「吾以女为死矣！」曰∶「子在，回何敢死！
」
『１１。２２』李子然问∶「仲由、冉求，可谓大臣与？」子曰∶「吾以子为异之问，曾
由
与求之问？所谓大臣者，以道事君，不可则止；今由与求也，可谓具臣矣。」曰∶
「
然则从之者与？」子曰∶「弑父与君，亦不从也。」
『１１。２３』子路使子羔为费宰。子曰∶「贼夫人之子！」子路曰∶「有民人焉！有社
稷
焉，何必读书，然後为学？」子曰∶「是故恶夫佞者。」
『１１。２４』子路、曾U+6673、冉有、公西华侍坐。子曰∶「以吾一日长乎尔，毋吾以
也
。居则曰∶『不吾知也！』如或知尔，则何以哉？」子路率尔而对，曰∶「千乘之
国
，摄乎大国之间U+9592，加之以师旅，因之以饥馑，由也为之，比及三年，可使杏
漫}
，且知方也。」夫子哂之。「求，尔何如？」对曰∶「方六七十，如五六十，求也
为
之，比及三年，可使足民；如其礼乐，以俟君子。」「赤，尔何如？」对曰∶「非
曰
能之，愿学焉！宗庙之事，如会同，端章甫，愿为小相焉。」「点，尔何如？」鼓
瑟
希，铿尔，舍瑟而作。对曰∶「异乎三子者之撰。」子曰∶「何伤乎？赤各言其志
也
。」曰∶「莫春者，春服既成；冠者五六人，童子六七人，浴乎沂，风乎舞雩，咏
而
归。」夫子喟然U+6B4E曰∶「吾与点也！」三子者出，曾U+6673後。曾U+6673曰∶
「
夫三子者之言何如？」子曰∶「亦各言其志也已矣！」曰∶「夫子何哂由也？」曰
∶
「为国以礼，其言不让，是故哂之。」「唯求则非邦也与？」「安见方六七十，如
五
六十，而非邦也者。」「唯赤非邦也与？」「宗庙会同，非诸侯而何？赤也为之小
，孰能为之大！」
11:1 Confucius said: "Common people develop their understanding of music and ritual earlier. The nobility develop these later. In terms of practicality, earlier development is better."
11:3 Confucius said: "Hui is no help to me. He simply delights in everything I say."
11:6 Chi K'ang Tzu asked which of the disciples loved to learn. Confucius replied: "Yen Hui did. Unfortunately he died young, and there has been no one like him since then."
11:8 When Yen Yüan died, the master cried: "How cruel! Heaven is killing me! Heaven is killing me!"
11:9 When Yen Hui died, the Master wept uncontrollably. The disciples said, "Master, you are going overboard with this!" Confucius said, "Going overboard?! If I can't cry now, when should I cry?"
11:10 When Yen Hui died, the disciples wanted to give him a lavish funeral. The Master told them not to, but they did it anyway. Confucius said, "Hui treated me like a father. Now I have not been able to treat him as a son, and it is the fault of you students."
11:11 Chi Lu asked about serving the spirits. Confucius said, "If you can't yet serve men, how can you serve the spirits?"
Lu said, "May I ask about death?" Confucius said, "If you don't understand what life is, how will you understand death?"
11:13 The men of Lu were rebuilding the Main Treasury. Min Tzu Ch'ien said: "Why don't we keep its old style? Why do we have to change it completely?"
Confucius said, "This fellow doesn't say much, but when he does, he is right on the mark."
11:14 Confucius had said, "What is the lute of Yu doing at my door?" and so the other disciples had begun to loose their respect for Tzu Lu (Yu). Confucius said, "Yu has ascended to the main hall, but has not yet entered the inner chambers."
11:15 Tzu Kung asked who was the most worthy between Shih and Shang. The Master said, "Shih goes too far, Shang does not go far enough."
"Then is Shih superior?"
The Master said, "Going too far is the same as not going far enough."
11:16 Even though the head of the Chi family was 'wealthier than the Duke of Chou,' Ch'iu collected taxes for him, and made him richer. Confucius said, "He is no disciple of mine. My students, you can beat the drum and attack him if you want."
11:18 Confucius said: "Hui is completely full, yet always possession-less. Ssu is not wealthy by fate, so he has to contrive in order to enrich himself, and is usually on the mark."
11:19 Tzu Chang asked about the Tao of the Good Man. Confucius said, "If you don't follow its traces, you won't enter the Inner Chamber."
11:20 Confucius said: "Someone may have profound theories--but is he a Superior Man? Or is he only superficially impressive?"
11:21 Tzu Lu asked if it was a good idea to immediately put a teaching into practice when he first heard it.
Confucius said, "You have a father and an older brother to consult. Why do you need to be so quick to practice it?"
Zan Yu asked the same question. Confucius said, "You should practice it immediately."
Kung Hsi Hua said, "When Yu asked you, you told him he should consult his father and elder brother first. When Ch'iu (Zan Yu) asked you, you told him to practice it immediately. May I ask why?"
Confucius said, "Ch'iu has a tendency to give up easily, so I push him. Yu (Tzu Lu) has a tendency to jump the gun, so I restrain him."
11:22 During the incident of the Master's endangerment in Kuang, Hui had fallen behind. Confucius said, "I was afraid they had killed you."
Hui said, "While you are alive, how can I dare to die?"
11:25 Tzu Lu (Yu), Tsang Hsi (Ch'iu), Zan Yu (Ch'ih) and Kung Hsi Hua (Tien) were sitting with the Master. Confucius said, "Although I am a day or so older than you fellows, forget about it for the time being. You are all always saying: 'Our talents are unrecognized.' Suppose your abilities were fully acknowledged. What would you do then?"
Tzu Lu jumped to reply first, saying: "I would like to be in the position of the charge of a relatively small state which was being threatened by the armies of the surrounding larger states, and suffering from crop failure. If I were in this position, within three years my people would be fearless and know how to take care of themselves."
Confucius laughed at him.
He turned to Ch'iu and said, "What about you?"
Ch'iu said, "Let me have the government of a territory of 60 to 70 li, or maybe 50 to 60 li, for three years, and the people would have all they need. As for handling the affairs of ritual and music, I would seek a Superior Man."
"Ch'ih, what about you?"
Ch'ih said, "I cannot say I am capable of what the other two have proposed, though I would like to work toward it. At the services at the ancestral hall, or at the audiences with the Prince, I would like to serve as a minor assistant, dressed in the ceremonial gown and cap."
"Tien, what about you?"
Tien set his lute down with its strings still ringing, and stood up. "What I would like to do," he said, "is quite different from these three." The Master said, "What harm can there be? Please speak as the others have."
Tien said, "At the height of spring, all decked out in spring clothes, I would like to take five or six young men, and six or seven youngsters to go for a swim in the Yi river, enjoying the cool breeze at the Rain Dance Festival, and make our way back home, singing."
Confucius sighed, and said, "Ah, lovely. I am with you, Tien."
The three others left and Tien asked the Master: "What did you think about the words of those three?"
Confucius said, "Each just told his wish."
"But why did you laugh at Yu?"
"Because to govern a state, you need propriety, and his words are totally lacking in humility. That's why I laughed at him."
"But Ch'iu wasn't asking for a state."
Confucius said, "Have you ever seen a territory of 60 or 70 li that wasn't a state?"
"At least Ch'ih wasn't asking for a state."
"Yes, but who besides the nobility can serve in the ancestral temple, or have an audience with the Prince. If Ch'ih were to be a minor assistant at these affairs, who could be a chief assistant?"