宪问第十四
『１』宪问「耻」。子曰∶「邦有道，谷，邦无道，谷；耻也。」
『２』「克、伐、怨、欲，不行焉，可以为『仁』矣？」子曰∶「可以为难矣，
仁则吾不知也。」
『３』子曰∶「士而怀居，不足以为士矣！」
『４』子曰∶「邦有道，危言，危行；邦无道，危行，言孙。」
『５』子曰∶「有德者，必有言；有言者，不必有德。仁者，必有勇；勇者，不必
有仁。」
『６』南宫适问於孔子曰∶「羿善射，U+5961U+76EA舟，俱不得其死然。禹稷躬稼
而有天下。」夫子不答。南宫适出，子曰∶「君子哉若人！尚德哉若人！」
『７』子曰∶「君子而不仁者有矣夫？未有小人而仁者也！」
『８』子曰∶「爱之，能勿劳乎？忠焉，能勿诲乎？」
『９』子曰∶「为命∶裨谌草创之，世叔讨论之，行人子羽修饰之，东里子产润色
之。」
『１０』或问「子产」。子曰∶「惠人也。」问「子西」。曰∶「彼哉彼哉！」问「
管仲」。曰∶「人也，夺伯氏骈邑三百，饭疏食，没齿，无怨言。」
『１１』子曰∶「贫而无怨，难；富而无骄，易。」
『１２』子曰∶「孟公绰，为赵魏老则优，不可以为滕薛大夫。」
『１３』子路问「成人」。子曰∶「若臧武仲之知，公绰之不欲，卞庄子之勇，冉
求之艺，文之以礼乐；亦可以为成人矣！」曰∶「今之成人者，何必然？见利思义
，见危授命，久要不忘平生之言；亦可以为成人矣！」
『１４』子问「公叔文子」於公明贾，曰∶「信乎？夫子不言不笑不取乎？」公明
贾对曰∶「以告者过也！夫子时然後言，人不厌其言；乐然後笑，人不厌其笑；义
然後取，人不厌其取。」子曰∶「其然！岂其然乎？」
『１５』子曰∶「臧武仲以防，求为後於鲁，虽曰不要，吾不信也。」
『１６』子曰∶「晋文公谲而不正；齐桓公正而不谲。」
『１７』子路曰∶「桓公杀公子纠，召忽死之，管仲不死。」曰∶「未仁乎！」子
曰∶「桓公九合诸侯，不以兵车，管仲之力也。如其仁！如其仁！」
『１８』子贡曰∶「管仲非仁者与？桓公杀公子纠，不能死，又相之。」子曰∶「
管仲相桓公，霸诸侯，一匡天下，民到于今受其赐。微管仲，吾其被发左衽矣
！岂若匹夫匹妇之为谅也，自经於沟渎，而莫之知也！」
『１９』公叔文子之臣大夫U+50CE，与文子同升诸公。子闻之曰∶「可以为『文』
矣！」
『２０』子言卫灵公之无道也，康子曰∶「夫如是，奚而不丧？」孔子曰∶「仲叔
圉治宾客，祝U+9B80治宗庙，王孙贾治军旅；夫如是，奚其丧？」
『２１』子曰∶「其言之不怍，则为之也难！」
『２２』陈成子弑简公。孔子沐浴而朝，告於哀公曰∶「陈恒弑其君，请讨之。」
公曰∶「告夫三子。」孔子曰∶「以吾从大夫之後，不敢不告也！君曰∶『告夫三
子。』者！」之三子告，不可。孔子曰∶「以吾从大夫子後，不敢不告也！」
『２３』子路问「事君」。子曰∶「勿欺也，而犯之。」
『２４』子曰∶「君子上达；小人下达。」
『２５』子曰∶「古之学者为己；今之学者为人。」
『２６』蘧伯玉使人於孔子。孔子与之坐，而问焉。曰∶「夫子何为？」对曰∶「
夫子欲寡其过而未能也。」使者出。子曰∶「使乎！使乎！」
『２７』子曰∶「不在其位，不谋其政。」
『２８』曾子曰∶「君子思不出其位。」
『２９』子曰∶「君子耻其言而过其行。」
『３０』子曰∶「君子道者三，我无能焉∶仁者不忧；知者不惑；勇者不惧。」子
贡曰∶「夫子自道也！」
『３１』子贡方人。子曰∶「赐也，贤乎哉？夫我则不暇！」
『３２』子曰∶「不患人之不己知，患其不能也。」
『３３』子曰∶「不逆『诈』，不亿『不信』。抑亦先觉者，是贤乎？」
『３４』微生亩谓孔子曰∶「丘何为是栖栖者与？无乃为佞乎？」孔子曰∶「非敢
为佞也，疾固也。」
『３５』子曰∶「骥不称其力，称其德也。」
『３６』或曰∶「以德报怨，何如？」子曰∶「何以报德？以直报怨，以德报德。」
『３７』子曰∶「莫我知也夫！」子贡曰∶「何为其莫知子也？」子曰∶「不怨天
，天尤人；下学而上达。知我者，其天乎！」}
『３８』公伯寮U+612C子路於李孙，子服景伯以告，曰∶「夫子固有惑志於公伯寮
，吾力犹能肆诸市朝。」子曰∶「道之将行也与？命也；道之将废也与？命也；公
伯寮其如命何！」
『３９』子曰∶「贤者辟世，其次辟地，其次辟色，其次辟言。」
『４０』子曰∶「作者七人矣！」
『４１』子路宿於石门。晨门曰∶「奚自？」子路曰∶「自孔氏。」曰∶「是知其
不可而为之者与？」
『４２』子击磬於卫。有荷蒉而过孔氏之门者，曰∶「有心哉，击磬乎！」既而曰
∶「鄙哉，U+785CU+785C乎！莫己知也，斯已而已矣！『深则厉，浅则揭。』」子
曰∶「果哉！末之难矣！」
『４３』子张曰∶「书云∶『高宗谅阴三年不言』何谓也？」子曰∶「何必高宗？
古之人皆然。君薨，百官总己以听於U+51A1宰，三年。」
『４４』子曰∶「上好礼，则民易使也。」
『４５』子路问「君子」。子曰∶「修（U+8129）己以敬。」曰∶「如斯而已乎？
」曰∶「修（U+8129）己以安人。」曰∶「如斯而已乎？」曰∶「修（U+8129）己
以安百姓。修（U+8129）己以安百姓，尧舜其犹病诸。」
『４６』原壤夷俟。子曰∶「幼而不孙弟，长而无述焉，老而不死，是为贼。」以
杖叩其胫。
『４７』阙党童子将命。或问之曰∶「益者与？」子曰∶「吾见其居於位也，见其
与先生并（U+4E26）行也；非求益者也，欲速成者也。」
14:1 Hsien asked about what is shameful. Confucius said, "When the Tao prevails in your state, to be concerned about your salary is shameful. When the Tao is absent in your state, to be concerned about your salary is shameful."
14:2 Hsien asked: "When one is not motivated by arrogance, pride, resentment and desire, can be he considered jen?"
Confucius said, "This can certainly be called 'difficult,' but I don't know if it can be called jen."
14:3 Confucius said: "A shih who is addicted to comfort should not be called a shih."
14:4 Confucius said: "When the government is just, you may speak boldly and act boldly; when you have an unjust government, you may act boldly, but be careful of what you say."
14:5 Confucius said: "The virtuous will certainly have something to say, but those who have something to say are not necessarily virtuous. The jen man is always brave, but the brave man is not necessarily possessed of jen."
14:6 Nan Kung Kuo said to Confucius: "Yi was skillful at archery and Ao shook a whole ship Yi and Ao are ancient legendary figures famous for their superhuman feats. but neither died a natural death. Yu and Chi did their own farming and ended up as emperors."
Confucius didn't answer.
When Nan Kung Kuo left, Confucius said, "Here is a Superior Man, a man of enhanced virtue."
14:7 Confucius said: "There are some cases where a Superior Man may not be a man of jen, but there are no cases where an inferior man is a man of jen."
14:8 Confucius said: "Can you love someone without exerting yourself for them? Can you be sincere to someone without teaching them?"
14:11 Confucius said: "To be poor without resentment is difficult. To be rich without arrogance is easy."
14:13 Tzu Lu asked what constitutes a 'perfected man.'
Confucius said: "If you have the wisdom of Tsang Wu Chung, the desirelessness of Kung Ch'o, the courage of Pien Chuang Tzu and the abilities of Zan Ch'iu, and are also refined through propriety and music, you might indeed be called a 'perfected man.' But if you want to perfect yourself right now, why would you need all of that? When you see an opportunity for advantage, think of Righteousness. When you meet danger, leave it up to destiny. When someone reminds you of an old promise and it doesn't rattle you at all, you can be regarded as a 'perfected man.'"
14:14 The Master asked Kung Ming Chia about Kung-shu Wan- tzu: "Is it true that your master doesn't speak, doesn't laugh and doesn't accept anything?"
Kung Ming Chia replied, "This is an exaggeration. My master speaks when it is appropriate, and people never get tired of his words. He laughs when he is happy, and people never tire of his laughter. He takes when it is right to do so, and people never get tired of his taking."
Confucius said, "Is this so? Is it really so!?"
14:20 Confucius was speaking about the evils of Duke Ling of Wei.
Kang Tzu said, "If he is such a person, how can he stay in power?"
Confucius said, "Chung Shu Yu takes care of his (Kang Tzu's) guests; preacher T'o handles the temples and Wang Sun Chia is his military commander. With ministers like these, how could he fall from power?"
14:21 Confucius said: "If your words are not humble, it will be difficult to put them into action."
14:23 Tzu Lu asked how to deal with a ruler. Confucius said, "If you have to oppose him, don't do it by deceit."
14:24 Confucius said: "The Superior Man penetrates (ta) that which is above. The inferior man penetrates that which is below."
14:25 Confucius said: "The ancient scholars studied for their own improvement. Modern scholars study to impress others."
14:28 Tseng Tzu said: "The Superior Man doesn't worry about those things which are outside of his control."
14:29 Confucius said: "The Superior Man is humble in his speech but superb in his actions."
14:31 Tzu Kung was correcting people. Confucius said, "Ssu (Tzu Kung) must be a superman. I have no spare time to do this."
14:32 Confucius said: "I don't worry about being unknown. I worry about my lack of ability."
14:33 Confucius said: "If you don't try to anticipate deception, and you don't plan for your not being believed, yet are the first to be aware of these things, aren't you a worthy?"
14:36 Someone said: "What do you think of the saying: 'Repay harm with virtue'?"
Confucius replied, "Then how will you repay virtue? Repay harm with Righteousness and repay virtue with virtue."
14:37 Confucius said: "Aah! No one understands me!"
Tzu Kung said, "What do you mean, 'No one understands you'?"
Confucius said, "I have no resentment against Heaven, no quarrel with men. I study from the bottom and penetrate to the top. Who understands me? Heaven does!"
14:38 Kung Po Liao had said bad things about Tzu Lu to Chi-sun. Tzu-fu Ching-po told Confucius about it, saying: "Chi Sun (Ching-po's teacher) is certainly being deceived by Kung Po Liao. But I have enough power to drag his carcass out into the middle of the marketplace."
Confucius said, "It is up to fate as to when the Tao is going to function, and when it isn't. What can Kung Po Liao do about fate?"
14:39 Confucius said: "A worthy becomes free of the world, then he becomes free of his land; then he becomes free from lust; then he becomes free from language."
14:44 Confucius said: "If those in power love propriety, the people will be easy to manage."
14:45 Tzu Lu asked about the qualities of the Superior Man. Confucius said, "He cultivates himself by comforting others."
"Is that all?"
"He cultivates himself by comforting everyone. Now, this is something that even Yao and Shun found difficult."
14:46 Yüan Zang was waiting for the Master in a sprawled-out position.
Confucius said, "To be young and not act like a junior; to be mature and have nothing to pass on; to get old and not die: a parasite!" He whacked him on the shins with his staff.
14:47 A boy from the village of Ch'ueh was working as a messenger. Someone asked Confucius, "Is he developing?" Confucius said, "I can see that he likes to sit in grown-up's places, and likes to be buddies with his elders. But he is not seeking to develop himself. He wants to grow up too quickly."