阳货第十七
『１』阳货欲见孔子，孔子不见，归孔子豚。孔子时其亡也，而往拜之。过诸涂。
谓孔子曰∶「来！予与尔言。」曰∶「怀其宝而迷其邦，可谓仁乎？」曰∶「不可
。」「好从事而亟失时，可谓知乎？」曰∶「不可。」「日月逝矣！岁不我与！」
孔子曰∶「诺，吾将仕矣！」
『２』子曰∶「性相近也，习相远也。」
『３』子曰∶「唯上知与下愚，不移。」
『４』子之武城，闻弦歌之声，夫子莞尔而笑，曰∶「割鸡焉用牛刀？」子游对曰∶
「昔者，偃也闻诸夫子曰∶『君子学道则爱人；小人学道则易使也。』」子曰∶「
二三子！偃之言是也；前言戏之耳！」
『５』公山弗扰以费畔，召，子欲往。子路不说，曰∶「末之也已，何必公山氏之
之也？」子曰∶「未召我者，而岂徒哉？如有用我者，吾其为东周乎！」
『６』子张问「仁」於孔子。孔子曰∶「能行五者於天下，为仁矣。」「请问之？
」曰∶「恭、宽、信、敏、惠∶恭则不侮，宽则得众，信则人任焉，敏则有功，惠
则足以使人。」
『７』佛U+80B8召，子欲往。子路曰∶「昔者由也闻诸夫子曰∶『亲於其身为不善
者，君子不入也』。佛U+80B8以中牟畔，子之往也如之何？」子曰∶「然，有是言
也。不曰『坚』乎？磨而不磷；不曰『白』乎？涅而不缁。吾岂匏瓜也哉？焉能系
而不食！」
『８』子曰∶「由也，女闻六言六蔽矣乎？」对曰∶「未也。」「居！吾语女∶好
『仁』不好学，其蔽也『愚』；好『知』不好学，其蔽也『荡』；好『信』不好学
，其蔽也『贼』；好『直』不好学，其蔽也『绞』；好『勇』不好学，其蔽也『乱』；
好『刚』不好学，其蔽也『狂』。」
『９』子曰∶「小子！何莫学夫诗？诗∶可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨；迩之
事父，远之事君；多识於鸟、兽、草、木之名。」
『１０』子谓伯鱼曰∶「女为周南、召南矣乎？人而不为周南、召南，其犹正墙面
而立也与？」
『１１』子曰∶「礼云礼云！玉帛云乎哉！乐云乐云！锺鼓云乎哉！」
『１２』子曰∶「色厉而内荏，譬诸小人，其犹穿窬之盗也与！」
『１３』子曰∶「乡原，德之贼也！」
『１４』子曰∶「道听而涂说，德之弃也！」
『１５』子曰∶「鄙夫！可与事君也与哉！其未得之也，患得之；既得之，患失之
；苟患失之，无所不至矣！」
『１６』子曰∶「古者民有三疾，今也或是之亡也。古之狂也肆，今之狂也荡；古
之矜也廉，今之矜也忿戾；古之愚也直，今之愚也诈而已矣。」
『１７』子曰∶「巧言令色，鲜矣仁。」
『１８』子曰∶「恶紫之夺朱也。恶郑声之乱雅乐也。恶利口之覆邦家者。」
『１９』子曰∶「予欲无言！」子贡曰∶「子如不言，则小子何述焉？」子曰∶「
天何言哉！四时行焉，百物生焉；天何言哉？」
『２０』孺悲欲见孔子，孔子辞以疾，将命者出户，取瑟而歌，使之闻之。
『２１』宰我问∶「三年之丧期已久矣！君子三年不为礼，礼必坏；三年不为乐，乐
必崩。旧谷既没，新谷既升；钻燧改火，期可已矣。」子曰∶「食夫稻，
衣夫锦，於女安乎？」曰∶「安！」「女安，则为之！夫君子之居丧，食旨不甘，
闻乐不乐，居处不安，故不为也。今女安，则为之！」宰我出。子曰∶「予之不仁
也！子生三年，然後免於父母之怀。夫三年之丧，天下之通丧也；予也，有三年之
爱於其父母乎？」
『２２』子曰∶「饱食终日，无所用心，难矣哉！不有博弈者乎？为之犹贤乎已！
」
『２３』子路曰∶「君子尚勇乎？」子曰∶「君子义以为上。君子有勇而无义为乱
，小人有勇而无义为盗。」
『２４』子贡曰∶「君子亦有恶乎？」子曰∶「有恶。恶称人之恶者，恶居下流而
讪上者，恶勇而无礼者，恶果敢而窒者。」曰∶「赐也亦有恶乎？」「恶徼以为知
者，恶不孙以为勇者，恶讦以为直者。」
『２５』子曰∶「唯女子与小人为难养也！近之则不孙，远之则怨。」
『２６』子曰∶「年四十而见恶焉，其终也已！」
17:2
Confucius said: "People are similar by nature, but through habituation become quite different from each other."
17:3 Confucius said: "Only the most wise and the most foolish do not change."
17:6 Tzu Chang asked Confucius about jen. Confucius said, "If you can practice these five things with all the people, you can be called jen."
Tzu Chang asked what they were.
Confucius said, "Courtesy, generosity, honesty, persistence, and kindness. If you are courteous, you will not be disrespected; if you are generous, you will gain everything. If you are honest, people will rely on you. If you are persistent you will get results. If you are kind, you can employ people."
17:8 Confucius said: "Yu, have you heard the six phrases about the six foils?" Yu answered that he hadn't. "Then stay a moment," Confucius said, "and I will tell you."
"If you love jen, but don't like to study, then you will be foiled by ignorance."
If you love wisdom, but don't like to study, then you will be foiled by aimlessness.
If you love sincerity, but don't like to study, then you will be foiled by deception.
If you love honesty, but don't like to study, you will be foiled by back-stabbing.
If you love boldness, but don't like to study, you will be foiled by your own lack of control.
"If you love persistence, but don't like to study, you will be foiled by your own adamancy."
17:12 Confucius said: "If you show a tough face, but are weak inside, you are a miserable fellow, like a thief burrowing through the walls."
17:13 Confucius said: "The 'conventional townsman' is a thief of virtue." For a discussion of this saying, see Mencius 7B:37.
17:14 Confucius said: "To apprehend the Tao and lecture on it before actualization is to throw away your accumulation of virtue."
17:15 Confucius said: "These low-lifes! How can they ever serve a ruler?! When they don't have something, they make themselves miserable in getting it. Once they get it, they go nuts about losing it. Once they are worried about losing it, there is nothing they won't do."
17:16 Confucius said: "The ancients had three kinds of shortcomings, some aspects of which are now lost. The wild (kuang)* of antiquity were unbounded; the wild of today are dissipated. The proud of antiquity were gallant; the proud of today are hot-tempered. The simple-minded of antiquity were straightforward; the simple-minded of today are liars."
[Comment] *For the meaning of kuang, please see the discussion connected to 13:21.
17:18 Confucius said: "I wish I could avoid talking."
Tzu Kung said, "Master, if you didn't speak, what would we disciples have to pass on?"
Confucius said, "Does Heaven speak? Yet the four seasons continue to change, and all things are born. Does Heaven speak?"
17:20 Ju Pei wanted to see Confucius, but Confucius excused himself on the grounds of illness. When his messenger went to the door, the master picked up his lute and began to sing so that Pei could hear him.
17:22 Confucius said: "What can be done with a man who stuffs his face with food all day, without exercising his mind. He could at least play cards or chess or something. It would be better than nothing."
17:23 Tzu Lu said: "Does the Superior Man esteem bravery?"
Confucius said, "The Superior Man puts Righteousness first. If the Superior Man is brave without Righteousness, he will be rebellious. If the inferior man is brave without Righteousness, he will become an outlaw."
17:24 Tzu Kung asked, "Does the Superior Man also have things that he hates?"
Confucius said, "He does. He hates those who advertise the faults of others. He hates those who abide in lowliness and slander the great. He hates those who are bold without propriety. He hates those who are convinced of their own perfection, and closed off to anything else. How about you, what do you hate?"
Tzu Kung said, "I hate those who take a little bit of clarity as wisdom; I hate those who take disobedience as courage; I hate those who take disclosing people's weak points to be straightforwardness."
17:25 Confucius said: "Girls and inferior men are hard to raise. If you get familiar with them, they lose their humility; if you are distant, they resent it."
17:26 Confucius said: "One who has reached the age of forty and is disliked, will be disliked to the end."