里仁第四
『4.１』子曰：“里仁为美。择不处仁，焉得知？”
『4.２』子曰：“不仁者不可以久处约，不可以长处乐。仁者安仁，知者利仁。”
『4.３』子曰：“唯仁者能好人，能恶人。”
『4.４』子曰：“苟志於仁矣，无恶也。”
『4.５』子曰：“富与贵，是人之所欲也；不以其道得之，不处也。”贫与贱，是
人之恶也；不以其道得之，不去也。君子去仁，恶乎成名？君子无终食之间违仁，
造次必於是，颠沛必於是。”
『4.６』子曰：“我未见好仁者，恶不仁者。好仁者，无以尚之；恶不仁者，其为
仁矣，不使不仁者加乎其身。有能一日用其力於仁矣乎？我未见力不足者。盖有之
矣，我未见也。”
『4.７』子曰：“人之过也，各於其党。观过，斯知仁矣。”
『4.８』子曰：“朝闻道，夕死可矣。”
『4.９』子曰：“士志於道，而耻恶衣恶食者，未足与议也。”
『4.１０』子曰：“君子之於天下也，无适也，无莫也，义之与比。”
『4.１１』子曰：“君子怀德，小人怀土；君子怀刑，小人怀惠。”
『4.１２』子曰：“放於利而行，多怨。”
『4.１３』子曰：“能以礼让为国乎？何有？不能以礼让为国，如礼何？”
『4.１４』子曰：“不患无位，患所以立。不患莫己知，求为可知也。”
『4.１５』子曰：“参乎！吾道一以贯之。”曾子曰：“唯。”
子出，门人问曰：“何谓也？”曾子曰：“夫子之道，忠恕而已矣。”
『4.１６』子曰：“君子喻於义，小人喻於利。”
『4.１７』子曰：“见贤思齐焉，见不贤而内自省也。”
『4.１８』子曰：“事父母几谏，谏志不从，又敬不违，劳而不怨。”
『4.１９』子曰：“父母在，不远游，游必有方。”
『4.２０』子曰：“三年无改於父之道，可谓孝矣。”
『4.２１』子曰：“父母之年，不可不知也。一则以喜，一则以惧。”
『4.２２』子曰：“古者言之不出，耻躬之不逮也。”
『4.２３』子曰：“以约失之者鲜矣。”
『4.２４』子曰：“君子欲讷於言而敏於行。”
『4.２５』子曰：“德不孤，必有邻。”
『4.２６』子游曰：“事君数，斯辱矣；朋友数，斯疏矣。”
4:1 Confucius said: "As for a neighborhood, it is its jen that makes it beautiful. If you choose to live in a place that lacks jen, how can you grow in wisdom?"
4:2 Confucius said: "If you lack jen you can't handle long periods of difficulty or long periods of comfortability. Jen men are comfortable in jen. The wise take advantage of jen."
4:3 Confucius said: "Only the jen person is able to really like others or to really dislike them."
4:4 Confucius said: "If you are really committed to jen, you will have no evil in you."
4:5 Confucius said, "Riches and honors are what all men desire. But if they cannot be attained in accordance with the Tao they should not be kept. Poverty and low status are what all men hate. But if they cannot avoided in while staying in accordance with the Tao, you should not avoid them. If a Superior Man departs from jen, how can he be worthy of that name? A Superior Man never leaves jen for even the time of a single meal. In moments of haste he acts according to it. In times of difficulty or confusion he acts according to it."
4:6 Confucius said: "I have never seen one who really loves jen or really hates non-jen. If you really loved jen you would not place anything above it. If you really hated the non-jen, you would not let it near you. Is there anyone who has devoted their strength to jen for a single day? I have not seen anyone who has lacked the strength to do so. Perhaps there has been such a case, but I have never seen it."
4:7 Confucius said: "People err according to their own level. It is by observing a person's mistakes that you can know his/her goodness."
[Comment] No one is perfect, free from error. But when someone makes a mistake in a human relationship, we can tell by the type of mistake, and by the person's way of dealing with it, what her/his true character is like.
4:8 Confucius said: "If I can hear the Tao in the morning, in the evening I can die content."
4:9 "A shih who is set on the way, but is ashamed of old clothes and coarse food, is not worth consulting."
[Comment] The title shih is usually translated into English as either "knight" or "scholar." While the shih of later Chinese history is more definitely a scholar than a knight, in the Analects, what Confucius is referring to is a level of spiritual/moral development, as well as academic and martial cultivation which is clearly above that of the average person. Thus, we can understand the shih to be a person who is well on the way toward becoming a "Superior Man," but is not quite there yet. I am reluctant to render shih, as either "scholar" or "knight" because of the limitations in meaning that occur with these English words.
4:10 Confucius said: "When the Superior Man deals with the world he is not prejudiced for or against anything. He does what is Right."
4:11 Confucius said: "The Superior Man cares about virtue; the inferior man cares about material things. The Superior Man seeks discipline; the inferior man seeks favors."
4:12 Confucius said: "If you do everything with a concern for your own advantage, you will be resented by many people."
4:13 Confucius said: "If you can govern the country by putting propriety first, what else will you need to do? If you can't govern your country by putting propriety first, how could you even call it propriety?"
4:14 Confucius said: "I don't worry abut not having a good position; I worry about the means I use to gain position. I don't worry about being unknown; I seek to be known in the right way."
4:15 Confucius said: "Shan, my Tao is penetrated by a single thread." Tseng Tzu said, "Yes." When the Master left, some disciples asked what he meant. Tseng Tzu said, "Our master's Tao is to be sincere and fair, and that's it."
4:16 Confucius said: "The Superior Man is aware of Righteousness, the inferior man is aware of advantage."
4:17 Confucius said: "When you see a good person, think of becoming like her/him. When you see someone not so good, reflect on your own weak points."
4:18 Confucius said: "When you serve your mother and father it is okay to try to correct them once in a while. But if you see that they are not going to listen to you, keep your respect for them and don't distance yourself from them. Work without complaining."
4:19 Confucius said: "While your parents are alive, it is better not to travel far away. If you do travel, you should have a precise destination."
4:20 Confucius said: "If, for three years (after your father's death) you don't alter his ways of doing things, you can certainly be called 'filial.'"
4:21 Confucius said: "Your parents' age should not be ignored. Sometimes it will be a source of joy, and sometimes it will be a source of apprehension."
4:22 Confucius said: "The ancients were hesitant to speak, fearing that their actions would not do justice to their words."
4:23 Confucius said: "If you are strict with yourself, your mistakes will be few."
4:24 Confucius said: "The Superior Man desires to be hesitant in speech, but sharp in action."
4:25 Confucius said: "If you are virtuous, you will not be lonely. You will always have friends."
4:26 Tzu Yu said: "In serving your prince, frequent remonstrance will lead to disgrace. With friends, frequent remonstrance will lead to separation."