公冶长第五
『⒌１』子谓公冶长，“可妻也。虽在缧绁之中，非其罪也。”以其子
妻之。子谓南容，“邦有道，不废；邦无道，免於刑戮。”以其兄之子妻之。
『⒌２』子谓子贱，“君子哉若人！鲁无君子者，斯焉取斯？”
『⒌３』子贡问曰：“赐也何如？”子曰：“女，器也。”曰：“何器也？”曰：
“瑚琏也。”
『⒌４』或曰：“雍也仁而不佞。”子曰：“焉用佞？御人以口给，屡憎於人。不
知其仁，焉用佞？”
『⒌５』子使漆彤开仕。对曰：“吾斯之未能信。”子说。
『⒌６』子曰：“道不行，乘桴浮于海。从我者，其由与？”子路闻之喜。子曰：
“由也好勇过我，无所取材。”
『⒌７』孟武伯问子路仁乎？子曰：“不知也。”又问。子曰：“由也，千乘之国
，可使治其赋也，不知其仁也。”
“求也何如？”子曰：“求也，千室之邑，百乘之家，可使为之宰也，不知其
仁也。”
“赤也何如？”子曰：“赤也，束带立於朝，可使与宾客言也，不知其仁也。”
『⒌８』子谓子贡曰：“女与回也孰愈？”对曰：“赐也何敢望回？回也闻一以知
十，赐也闻一以知二。”子曰：“弗如也；吾与女弗如也。”
『⒌９』宰予昼寝。子曰：“朽木不可雕也，粪土之墙不可圬也；於予与
何诛？”子曰：“始吾於人也，听其言而信其行；今吾於人也，听其言而观其行。
於予与改是。”
『⒌１０』子曰：“吾未见刚者。”或对曰：“申枨。”子曰：“枨也欲，焉得刚？”
『⒌１１』子贡曰：“我不欲人之加诸我也，吾亦欲无加诸人。”子曰：“赐也，
非尔所及也。”
『⒌１２』子贡曰：“夫子之文章，可得而闻也；夫子之言性与天道，不可得而闻
也。”
『⒌１３』子路有闻，未之能行，唯恐有闻。
『⒌１４』子贡问曰：“孔文子何以谓之‘文’也？”子曰：“敏而好学，不耻下
问，是谓之‘文’也。”
『⒌１５』子谓子产，“有君子之道四焉：其行己也恭，其事上也敬，其养民也惠
，其使民也义。”
『⒌１６』子曰：“晏平仲善与人交，久而敬之。”
『⒌１７』子曰：“臧文仲居蔡，山节藻（木兑），何如其知也？”
『⒌１８』子张问曰：“令尹子文三仕为令尹，无喜色；三已之，无愠色。旧令尹
之政，必以告新令尹。何如？”子曰：“忠矣。”曰：“仁矣乎？”曰：“未知；
——焉得仁？”
崔子杀齐君，陈文子有马十乘，弃而违之。至於他邦，则曰，‘犹吾大夫崔子
也。’违之。之一邦，则又曰：‘犹吾大夫崔子也。’违之。何如？”子曰：“清
矣。”曰：“仁矣乎？”未之；——焉得仁？”
『⒌１９』季文子三思而后行。子闻之，曰：“再，斯可矣。”
『⒌２０』子曰：“甬五子，邦有道，则知；邦无道，则愚。其知可及也；其愚不
可及也。”
『⒌２１』子在陈，曰：“归与！归与！吾党之小子狂简，斐然成章，不知所以裁
之。”
『⒌２２』子曰：“伯夷、叔齐不念旧恶，怨是用希。”
『⒌２３』子曰：“孰谓微生高直？或乞醯焉，乞诸其邻而与之。”
『⒌２４』子曰：“巧言、令色、足恭，左丘明耻之，丘亦耻之。匿怨而友其人，
左丘明耻之，丘亦耻之。”
『⒌２５』颜渊季路侍。子曰：“盍各言尔志？”
子路曰：“愿车马衣轻裘与朋友共蔽之而无憾。？"
颜渊曰：“愿无伐善，无施劳。”
子路曰：“愿闻子之志。”
子曰：“老者安之，朋友信之，少者怀之。”
『⒌２６』子曰：“已矣乎，吾未见能见其过而内自讼者也。”
『⒌２７』子曰：“十室之邑，必有忠信如丘者焉，不如丘之好学也。”
5:1 Confucius said of Kung Ye Chang that he was fit for marriage. Even though he was arrested once, he had been innocent; therefore Confucius gave him his daughter in marriage. Confucius said of Nan Yung that if the Tao prevailed in the state he would never lack an official post. If the Tao was lacking in the state, he would avoid getting into trouble. He gave him the daughter of his own elder brother in marriage.
5:2 Confucius said of Tzu Chien: "He is a Superior Man. If the state of Lu is really lacking Superior Men how could he have acquired such a character?"
5:3 Tzu Kung asked: "What do you say of me?"
Confucius said, "You are a vessel."
"What kind of vessel."
"A gemmed sacrificial vessel."
5:4 Someone said: "Yung is a man of jen, but he is not sharp enough with his tongue." Confucius said, "Why does he need to be sharp with his tongue? If you deal with people by smooth talk, you will soon be disliked. I don't know if Yung is a jen man, but why should he have to be a clever speaker?"
5:5 Confucius encouraged Ch'i Tiao K'ai to get employment as an official. He replied: "I am not yet sincere enough." The master was pleased.
5:6 Confucius said: "The Tao is not practiced. I shall go ride a raft on the ocean--and I imagine Yu would go with me." Tzu Lu was very happy to hear this. Confucius said, "Yu likes daring more than I, but he lacks discretion."
5:7 Meng Wu Po asked Confucius whether Tzu Lu was a man of jen.
Confucius said, "I don't know."
He asked again. Confucius said, "Yu could direct the public works forces in a state of 1,000 chariots, but I don't know if I would call him a man of jen."
Meng again asked: "What about Ch'iu?"
Confucius said, "Ch'iu could be the governor of a city of 1,000 families, or of a clan of 100 chariots, but I don't know if he is a man of jen."
Meng asked: "What about Ch'ih?"
The Master said, "Dressed up with his sash, placed in the middle of the court, he could make conversation with the guests, but I don't know if he is a man of jen."
5:8 Confucius, speaking to Tzu Kung said, "Who is superior, you or Hui?" Tzu Kung answered, saying: "How could I compare myself to Hui? He hears one point and understands the whole thing. I hear one point and understand another."
Confucius said, "You are not equal to him; you are right, you are not equal to him."
5:9 Tsai Yu slept during the daytime. Confucius said, "Rotten wood cannot be carved; dirty earth cannot be used for cement: why bother scolding him? At first I used to listen to what people said and expect them to act accordingly. Now I listen to what people say and watch what they do. I learned this from Yu."
5:10 Confucius said: "I have not yet met a really solid man." Someone said, "What about Shan Ch'ang?"
Confucius said, "Ch'ang is ruled by lust. How could he be solid?"
5:11 Tzu Kung said: "What I don't want done to me, I don't want to do to others."
Confucius said, "Tz'u, you have not yet gotten to this level."
5:12 Tzu Kung said: "What our Master has to say about the classics can be heard and also embodied. Our Master's words on the essence and the Heavenly Tao, though not attainable, can be heard."
5:13 When Tzu Lu heard a teaching and had not yet put it into practice, he would be uptight about hearing something new in the meantime.
5:14 Tzu Kung asked: "How did Kung Wen Tzu get the title 'wen'? (wen = "learned, literary, refined") Confucius said, "He was diligent and loved to study. He was also unashamed to ask questions to his inferiors. Therefore he got the name "wen."
5:15 Confucius said that Tzu Chan had four characteristics of the Superior Man: In his private conduct he was courteous; in serving superiors he was respectful, in providing for the people he was kind; in dealing with the people he was just.
5:16 Confucius said: "Yen P'ing Chung was good at getting along with people. Even after a long period of acquaintance, he would continue to treat them with respect."
5:18 Tzu Chang asked: "The Chief Minister Tzu Wen was appointed three times, but never showed any sign of pleasure. He was fired three times, but never showed any sign of disappointment. He would always inform the incoming minister on all the details of the prior government. What do you think of him?"
Confucius said, "He was loyal."
"Was he jen?"
Confucius said, "I don't know what he did to deserve to be called jen."
Tzu Chang again asked: "When Ch'iu Tzu assassinated the prince of Ch'i, Ch'an Wen Tzu, who had a fief of ten chariots, abandoned them and left the state. Arriving to another state, he said, 'The government here is just like that of the officer Ch'iu Tzu.' and he left it. Coming to another state he said, 'They are again just like the officer Ch'iu Tzu.' and he left. What do you think of him?"
Confucius said, "He was pure."
"Was he jen?"
"I don't know what he did to merit being called jen."
5:19 Chi Wen Tzu contemplated something three times before acting upon it. When Confucius heard this, he said, "Twice is enough."
5:20 Confucius said: "When the Tao prevailed in the state, Ning Wu Tzu showed his intelligence. When the Tao declined in the state, he played stupid. Someone might be able to match his intelligence, but no one can match his stupidity."
5:21 Once, when Confucius was in Ch'an, he said, "I must return! I must return! My young disciples are wild For the meaning of "wild" here, please see the discussion of the term kuang in the comment on 13:21. and unbridled. Though they are developing well, they don't always know when to restrain themselves."
5:22 Confucius said: "Po Yi and Shu Chi did not keep others' former wrongdoings in mind, and so there was little resentment against them."
[Comment] Po Yi and Shu Chi are two ministers of antiquity, famous for their virtue.
5:23 Confucius said: "Who said that Wei Shang Kai is of straight character? Someone begged vinegar from him, and he went and got some from his neighbors and gave it to him." (Rather than giving his own).
5:24 Confucius said: "Clever words, a pretentious face and too-perfect courtesy: Tso Ch'iu Ming was ashamed of them. I am also ashamed of them. Concealing one's resentments and acting friendly to people: Tso Ch'iu Ming was ashamed to act this way and so am I."
5:25 Yen Yüan and Tzu Lu were by the Master's side. He said to them: "Why don't each of you tell me of your aspirations?"
Tzu Lu said, "I would like to have wagons, horses and light fur coats to give to my friends, and if they damaged them, not to get angry."
Yen Yüan said, "I would like not to be proud of my good points and not to show off my works."
Tzu Lu said, "What are your wishes, Teacher?"
Confucius said, "I would like to give comfort to the aged, trust to my friends and nurturance to the young."
5:26 Confucius said: "It's all over! I have not yet met someone who can see his own faults and correct them within himself."
5:27 Confucius said: "In a hamlet of ten families there must be someone as loyal and trustworthy as I. But I doubt there will be someone as fond of study."